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Ecology & Environment
1
Carbon Credit Trading in India
2
Methane Emissions: Sources, Impacts & Initiatives
3
Ozone Depleting Substances
4
Urban Heat Island: Causes, Effects and Solutions
5
Marine Heatwaves: Causes & Impacts
6
Biodiversity Conservation: Methods and Strategies
7
Biodiversity Hotspots in India: Endemic Species & Threats
8
Coral Bleaching: Causes & Effects
9
Compensatory Afforestation: Initiatives in India
10
Seaweeds: Characteristics, Habitat and Uses
11
Countering Plastic Pollution in India
12
Ocean Acidification: Causes & Effects
13
Land Degradation in India: Causes, Impacts & Initiatives
14
Ecologically Sensitive Zones (ESZ): Prohibited, Regulated & Permitted Activities
15
Wetland Conservation: Laws, Conventions & Other Initiatives
16
Environmental Governance: Organizations in India
17
Environmental Impact Assessment: Mechanism & Procedure in India
18
Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA): Major Initiatives
19
Clean Urban Mobility Initiatives in India
20
Cyclone Preparedness & Early Warning Systems in India
21
Biomedical Waste Management in India
22
Renewable Energy: Current Status in India
23
Ethanol Blending in India
24
Alternative Fuels
25
Biodiversity & Wildlife Conservation: International Laws and Conventions
26
Coral Reefs in India and the World
27
Major Air and Water Pollutants
28
Environment & Biodiversity: Important Terminologies
29
Critically Endangered/Endangered Indian Species
30
Institutional Framework for Protection of Biodiversity in India
31
Climate Change: Global Initiatives
32
E-Waste Management in India
33
Air Quality Guidelines and Mechanisms
34
Sustainable Cities Integrated Approach Pilot (SCIAP) Project
35
Blue Bonds
36
Green Permits
37
Nature Based Solution (NBS)
38
Cloud Forest and the Cloud Forest 25 (CF25) Initiative
39
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
40
Coal-bed Methane (CBM)
41
Biomass Co-firing
42
Beejamrit
43
Jivamrit
44
Direct-Seeded Rice
45
Right to Repair
46
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)
47
Multilateral System of Access and Benefit Sharing (ML-ABS)
48
Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) Programme
49
Eco-Sensitive Zone
50
Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHSs)
51
‘Tree City of the World’ (TCW) Tag
52
Miyawaki Method
53
Abidjan Convention
54
Aceclofenac
55
Sponge Bleaching
56
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
57
Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)
58
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
59
Green Crackers
60
Grey Water
61
Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
62
Raman Spectroscopy
63
Photo Pollution
64
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
65
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
66
Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
67
‘Triple Dip’ La Niña
68
Karakoram Anomaly
69
Asani
70
Fujiwhara Effect
71
Dvorak Technique
72
Bomb Cyclone
73
Azores High
74
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty
75
CITES
76
Wild Life (Protection) Act (WLPA), 1972
77
Invasive Species
78
Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH)
79
Project REPLAN
80
Microbeads
81
Stockholm+50
82
Eco-Fascism
83
Blue Deal
84
Living Lands Charter
85
India Business & Biodiversity Initiative
86
Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022
87
Compensatory Afforestation Fund
88
Community Forest Rights
89
Arth Ganga
90
Blue Flag Beaches/Certification
91
Oran Land
92
Boreal Forest
93
Super-Emitters
94
Artic Amplification
95
Zombie Ice (Doomed Ice)
96
LiFE
97
Principles for Locally Led Adaptation (LLA)
98
Emission Gap
99
Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)
100
Climate Tipping Points
101
Greenwashing
102
Keeling Curve
103
Climate Equity
104
Ocean Carbon Sequestration
105
Regenerative Agriculture
106
Pyrene Remediation
107
Polar Vortex
108
Pileus Cloud
109
Green Steel
110
Soil Carbon Sequestration
111
Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP)
112
Carbon Border Tax and Carbon Leakage
113
Emissions Trading System (ETS)
114
GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP)
115
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC)
116
‘Cap and Trade’
117
Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)
118
Least Developed Countries Fund
119
Skyglow
120
Global Climate Resilience Fund
121
Carbon Trade
122
Blue Bob
123
Nature Positive Fund
124
Sovereign Green Bonds
125
Carbon Budget
126
Green Fins Hub
127
Infrastructure Resilience Accelerator Fund
128
Insurance Adaptation Acceleration Campaign
129
Global Methane Pledge
130
Global Energy Monitor (GEM)
131
International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO)
132
Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Mission
133
Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON)
134
Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan
135
Koronivia Joint Work for Agriculture (KJWA)
136
First Movers Coalition
137
Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETP)
138
Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS)
139
‘In Our LiFEtime’ Campaign
140
Hydrogen Valley Platform
141
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
142
Global Clean Energy Action Forum (GCEAF)
143
Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)
144
Green Events Tool (GET)
145
“Land, Life and Legacy” Declaration
146
Initiative on Nutrition and Climate Change (ICAN)
147
Lisbon Declaration
148
Seoul Forest Declaration
149
International Big Cat Alliance
150
Plasticosis
151
Arribada
152
Yaya Tso
153
MISHTI Scheme
154
World Restoration Flagships
155
ANGAN
156
BEEP
157
SHOONYA Campaign
158
Derecho Storm System
159
Rain Bomb
160
Important Environmental Conventions
161
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
162
Sustainable Agriculture
163
Sustainable Energy
164
Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG)
165
SEEA Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA)
166
Geothermal Energy
167
Ethanol Blending
168
Earth Hour 2021
169
National River Linking Project (NRLP)
170
Jal Jeevan Mission Urban
171
Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain Campaign
172
Sustainable Food Systems
173
Gross Environment Product
174
Ecosystem Restoration
175
Virtual Water Analysis
176
Different Vegetation Types in India and Key Species
177
Critically Endangered Bird Species (CR)
178
Protected Areas
179
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)
180
New Ramsar Sites
181
Pollinators
182
Aquamation
183
Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021
184
National Marine Turtle Action Plan 2021-26
185
African Elephants
186
MAHSEER
187
Indian Rhino Vision 2020
188
Asia Environmental Enforcement Award
189
Agri-Emission
190
Marine Heatwaves
191
SAFAR
192
Solar Waste
193
Commission for Air Quality Management
194
New Emission Norms for Coal-Fired Power Plants
195
Marine Litter
196
Second World Ocean Assessment (WOA) Report
197
Illegal Sand Mining
198
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
199
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
200
The Biological Diversity Act 2002 and Biological Diversity Rules
201
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 and Amendment, 1988
202
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981
203
New Draft National Forest Policy, 2018
204
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
205
Coastal Regulation Zone Notifications, 2018
206
Indian Environment Service (IES)
207
2021: Sixth Warmest Year
208
Climate-resilient Grains
209
Global Resilience Index Initiative
210
National Climate Vulnerability Assessment Report
211
India’s Third Biennial Report to UNFCCC
212
Forest Carbon Credit Stamps
213
Network for Greening the Financial System
214
AIM-ICDK Water Innovation Challenge
215
UNFCCC
216
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
217
UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)
218
CMS (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species)
219
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna)
220
Vienna Convention
221
Minamata Convention
222
Rotterdam Convention
223
Basel Convention
224
Stockholm Convention
225
TRAFFIC
226
IUCN
227
South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP)
228
REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)
229
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
230
National Forest Policy
231
National Environment Policy
232
National Water Policy
233
Wildlife protection act 1972
234
Forest Conservation Act 1980
235
Scheduled Tribes And Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, 2006
236
National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-System
237
Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010
238
Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
239
Central Zoo Authority
240
Regulation of Exotic Animal Trade
241
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
242
Bonn Convention
243
National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (NCAFMPA)
244
India State of Forests Report, 2019
245
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
246
FAME India Scheme
247
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
248
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
249
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
250
UJALA Scheme
251
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
252
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
253
Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer
254
Montreal Protocol
255
Kigali Amendment
256
Global Solar Council
257
Climate Change Performance Index
258
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
259
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
260
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), 2017
261
Carbon tax
262
Energy Savings Certificates
263
Green Bonds
264
National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change
265
Carbon Pricing
266
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
267
Biological Diversity Act 2002
268
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
269
Convention on Biological Diversity
270
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
271
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing
272
UN Biodiversity Summit 2020
273
National Wildlife Action Plan
274
Global Wildlife Program
275
Global Biodiversity Outlook
276
Pillars of Sustainability
277
Global Initiatives towards Sustainable Development
278
India’s Recent Efforts towards Sustainable Development
279
Different Types of Alternate Energy Sources
280
Water Pollution
281
National Measures to Control Water Pollution
282
International Measures to Control Water Pollution
283
Air Pollution
284
Government Initiatives to Control Air Pollution
285
Other Major National and International Initiatives to Control Pollution
286
Global Level Efforts towards Disaster Management
287
National Level Efforts towards Disaster Management
288
Climate Change & Global Warming
289
Convention & Treaties
290
Environmental Geography
291
Biodiversity- Flora
292
Fauna
293
Government Policies
294
Factors affecting climate of India
295
Western Disturbances
296
Distribution of Rainfall in India
297
El-Nino, La-Nina and Southern Oscillation
298
IUCN lists Hump-backed Mahseer as Critically Endangered
299
Supreme Court Allows Introduction of African Cheetahs to India
300
Odisha Renews Effort to Revive Gharial Population
301
Eurasian Lynx
302
Great Indian Bustard
303
PurpleFrog
304
Project Dolphin
305
Snow Leopard
306
Olive Ridley Turtle
307
Tamil yeoman:State Butterfly of Tamil Nadu
308
India’s First Dragon Blood-oozing Tree
309
Scaly-Foot Snail: First ever Species Endangered due to Deep Sea Mining
310
Kappaphycusalvarezii Invades Gulf of Mannar
311
Miracle Plant ‘Arogyapacha’
312
Sparkling Blue Waves in Chennai
313
Star tortoise, otters get Higher Protection at CITES
314
Magadha Burrowing Frog
315
Scientists Discover New Antibiotic in Tropical Forest
316
Scientists Discover New Antibiotic in Tropical Forest
317
Rubigala: National Games Mascot
318
Operation‘Clean Art’
319
Turtle Rehabilitation Centre in Bihar
320
Last Captive White Tiger Dead
321
Tiger Territory Threatened in Arunachal Pradesh
322
Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary
323
State of Global Air 2019
324
Face of Disasters 2019 Report
325
UNEP Releases Sand and Sustainability Report
326
The Future of Earth 2020 Report
327
India State of Forest Report 2019
328
Carbon Disclosure Project
329
Brown to Green Report 2019
330
Emissions Gap Report
331
State of India’s Birds 2020
332
World Air Quality Report 2019
333
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
334
Comprehensive Census of Orchids of India
335
Flood Hazard Atlas
336
Mapping Lightning Across India
337
Red Atlas Action Plan Map’ Unveiled for Flood Mitigation in Chennai
338
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
339
Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan
340
Global Coalition for Clean Cooling Launched
341
Meghalaya becomes 1st state to ensure Water Conservation
342
UNCCD Meeting Held at Delhi
343
10th Asian Elephant Specialist Group (AsESG)
344
CMS COP 13
345
Loss of Ice Cover in the Arctic Sea
346
Ten More Wetlands Declared Ramsar Sites
347
Coral Restoration in Gulf of Kachchh
348
European Green Deal
349
ITPGRFA Session held in Rome
350
Green Climate Fund
351
Basel Ban Amendment becomes law
352
Colombo Declarationto Tackle Global NitrogenChallenge
353
Supreme Court bat against transfer of community resources
354
Earth Hour
355
International Day for Biological Diversity
356
Fourteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention
357
Global Assessment of Forest Biodiversity
358
Extended Producers Responsibility
359
National Plan for Polluted Rivers
360
Blue Flag Challenge
361
Microplastics
362
Emission Trading Scheme of Gujarat
363
Smog Tower Project
364
India Completes Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Chemical HCFC-141b
365
UN’s New Rules for Ships in the Arctic Region
366
Status of Trace & Toxic Metals in Indian Rivers 2019 Report
367
CGWB released report on Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in India
368
Green Crackers
369
Smallest Ozone Hole in Decades
370
Curious Case of Drying Northeast India
371
Samagra Shiksha-Jal Suraksha
372
Meghdoot: Mobile App to Assist Farmers
373
Gogabeel: Bihar’s First Community Reserve
374
Campaign Angikaar and E-Course on Vulnerability Atlas
375
Swedish technology to Reduce Stubble Burning
376
Dal Lake as Eco-Sensitive Zone
377
National Chambal Sanctuary declared Eco-sensitive Zone
378
Ecology Concepts
379
Trophic Levels
380
Carbon Cycle
381
Nitrogen Cycle
382
Population Interactions
383
Terrestrial Ecosystems
384
Major Types of Forests Based on Latitude
385
Aquatic Ecosystem
386
Biodiversity Heritage Sites of India
387
Aquatic Organisms
388
Wetlands
389
Functions of Wetlands
390
National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems (NPCA)
391
Montreux Record
392
Biodiversity of India
393
Forests in India
394
Mangroves
395
Threat to Biodiversity in India
396
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts in India
397
National Efforts
398
International Cooperation
399
Major Wildlife Conservation Initiatives
400
Status of Vultures in India
401
Critically Endangered Mammals of India
402
Endangered Mammals of India
403
Endangered Marine Mammals
404
Vulnerable Mammals
405
Critically Endangered Birds
406
Endangered Birds
407
Critically Endangered Reptiles
408
Vulnerable Reptiles
409
Critically Endangered Fish
410
‘Endangered’ Fishes
411
Critically Endangered Spiders
412
Critically Endangered Corals
413
Environmental Pollution
414
Air Pollutants and their Sources
415
Major Primary Pollutants
416
Major Secondary Pollutants
417
Effects of Air Pollutants
418
Measures to Control Air Pollution
419
Indian Initiatives to Combat Air Pollution
420
Reducing Emission by Optimizing the Power Sector
421
Emission Trading Scheme
422
Cleaner Construction Practices
423
Business Model to Reduce Crop Residue
424
Regulatory Framework
425
Air Quality Indexes
426
Soil Pollution
427
Natural Pollutants
428
Effects of Soil Pollution
429
Solid Wastes
430
Government Initiatives for Solid Waste Management
431
Plastic Waste Management
432
Government and Global Interventions
433
E-Waste Management
434
Government Initiatives to handle E-Waste
435
Basic Parameters to Calculate Water Pollution
436
Sources of Groundwater Pollution
437
Main Ground Water Quality Problems in India
438
Sources of Surface Water Pollution
439
Sources of Marine Water Pollution
440
Effects of Water Pollution on Health
441
Effects of Water Pollution on the Environment
442
Effects of Water Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystem
443
Measures to Control Water Pollution
444
Sewage Water Treatment for Domestic Use
445
Sludge Treatment and Disposal
446
Bio-Toilets
447
Government Initiatives to Control Water Pollution
448
Measures to Control River Pollution
449
Global Climate Change
450
Greenhouse Effect
451
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
452
Comparison of GWP of Different GHGs
453
Important Terms related to Climate Change
454
Major Initiatives to Combat Climate Change
455
Impact of Climate Change on India
456
Changing Rainfall Patterns
457
Droughts
458
Groundwater
459
Glacier Melt
460
Sea Level Rise
461
Agriculture and Food Security
462
Energy Security
463
Water Security
464
Migration and Conflict
465
Himalayan Springs
466
Biodiversity Award for Arunachal Reserve
467
Ganga Praharis
468
Lidar-Based Wind Profiling
469
Ecologically Sensitive Area
470
State Energy Efficiency Preparedness Index
471
Blue Bond
472
National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management And Planning Authority (Ncafmpa)
473
Unnatee
474
India Cooling Action Plan
475
National Bamboo Mission
476
The Chiller Star Labelling Program
477
Green Good Deeds
478
Eco Niwas
479
Green Skill Development Programme (Gsdp)
480
Green-Ag
481
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats
482
Nilgiri Marten
483
Pondicherry Shark
484
Mugger Crocodile
485
Golden Langur
486
Golden Jackal
487
Cinereous Vulture
488
Small Woodbrown Butterfly
489
Pangolins
490
Sarus Crane
491
Brown Peach Aphid
492
Snow Leopard
493
Indus Dolphins
494
Bonnethead Shark
495
Bhupathy’s Shieldtail
496
Mangaluru Narrow-Mouthed Frog
497
Eurasian Otter
498
Himalayan Blue Sheep
499
White Naped Tit
500
Singphan Wildlife Sanctuary
501
Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary
502
Eravikulam National Park
503
Pampadum Shola National Park
504
Kanger National Park
505
Kozhikode’s Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary
506
Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (Dtr)
507
Orang Tiger Reserve
508
Nahargarh Biological Park
509
Corbett Tiger Reserve
510
Neelakurinji Plants
511
Gandheli
512
Recovery Programme For Critically Endangered Species
513
National Action Plan For Conservation Of Migratory Birds
514
World Wildlife Foundation’s (Wwf) ‘Tx2’ Programme
515
Green Climate Fund
516
Global Carbon Project
517
Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI)
518
Un Environment Award
519
COP24, Katowice
520
World Network Of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR)
521
International Conference On Status And Protection Of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR – 2018)
522
South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN)
523
India Water Impact Summit 2018
524
Convention On Biological Diversity (CBD)
525
Cites – Washington Convention
526
Convention On The Conservation Of Migratory Species Of Wild Animals (CMS)
527
Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants
528
Dead Zone
529
Conference Of Parties To United Nations Convention To Combat Desertification (Unccd)
Content Index
Sustainable Development
Biodiversity
Pollution
Geographical Phenomenon
Wild Life Protection And Biodiversity
Climate Change
Climate Finance Initiatives
Major International Organizations/Conventions/Protocols/Declaration
Miscellaneous
Disaster Management
Waste Management
New & Renewable Energy
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