Mangroves

  • Littoral plants (evergreen trees and bushes) of tropical and subtropical sheltered coastlines growing on tidal flats, deltas, estuaries, bays, creeks and the barrier islands.
  • Tolerant to salty water and anaerobic conditions.
  • Produce pneumatophores (blind roots) to overcome respiration problem in the anaerobic soil conditions.
  • Can absorb fresh water from saline/brackish water.
  • Occur in variety of configurations like Somespecies (e.g. Rhizophora) send arching prop roots downinto the water while other (e.g. Avicennia) send vertical“Pneumatophores” or air roots up from the mud, Adventitious roots which emerge from the main trunk etc.
  • Most mangrove vegetation has lenticellated bank which facilitates more water loss, produces coppices. Leaves are thick ....
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Ecology & Environment