Kigali Amendment
- The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer entered into force on 1 January 2019, following ratification by 65 countries.
- It will help reduce the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), and thus to avoid global warming by up to 0.4°C this century.
Need
- The need for the Amendment emerged from the 1987 Montreal Protocol process, which controls ozone-depleting substances.
- With HFCs’ use as an alternative to ozone-depleting substances in cooling equipment, their role in warming the atmosphere became a greater concern.
- In 2016, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted ....
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Ecology & Environment
- 1 Climate Justice and the Principle of Equity in Negotiations
- 2 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) – Implications for Indian Exports
- 3 Climate Finance and Operationalizing Loss & Damage Mechanisms
- 4 NDCs and India’s Progress on Paris Agreement Targets
- 5 Climate Finance Taxonomy: Defining Green Investment Standards
- 6 Climate Change: Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security
- 7 Water Scarcity and Climate Resilience
- 8 Emissions Trading and Air Quality Management
- 9 Forest Fire Management in India
- 10 Sudden Climate Variability and Extreme Weather Pattern Shifts
