Sub-classification of Scheduled Castes (SCs)

In August 2024, Supreme Court’s 7-judge bench upheld sub-classification within SCs as constitutionally valid.

  • The judgment was delivered in State of Punjab & Others vs. Davinder Singh & Others case.
  • The SC overruled E.V. Chinnaiah vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (2005) verdict which barred sub-categorization.
  • Sub-classification aims to ensure substantive equality of opportunity (Article 15(4), 16(4)).
  • The Court ruled sub-classification does not violate Article 341(2).
  • State must collect adequate data on backwardness and representation for sub-classification.
  • Reservation of 100% seats for one subgroup prohibited.
  • Decision is subject to judicial review.
  • Four judges recommended extending Creamy Layer Principle to SCs/STs (non-binding).

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