Examine the development of Inland Waterways in India. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard?

Answer: Inland waterways in comparison to road and railway is energy efficient, fuel efficient, having less operative cost, less air pollution, minimum land acquisition and capital requirement.

In India, Inland Waterways is not as much developed in comparison to other countries like China and Europe. There are only 5 major National Waterways in India which are currently under operation namely, NW1 (Allahabad-Haldia), NW2 (Sadiya to Dhubri), NW3 (Kottapuram to Kollam), NW4 (Kakinada – Pondicherry) and NW5 i.e. East Coast Canal on Mahanadi River.

The low waterways penetration in India can be attributed to several factors:

  • Inadequate Depth: Large part ....
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