19th Century North India
- Arya Samaj
- Baharat Dharma Mahamandala
- Radhaswami Movement
- Wahabi/ Walliullah Movement
- Titu Mir’s Movement
- Faraizi Movement
- Ahamadiya Movement
- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
- Deoband School
- Sikh Reforms Movement
- Akali Movement
- Theosophical Movement
a. Arya Samaj
- It was established by Swami Dayananda in 1875 at Bombay and strived to revive Hinduism from within. Inwardly, it resembled a Hindu revival.
- It rejected monism and dealt a severe blow at the popular belief in pre-determination.
- Dayanand argued in favor of the doctrine of ‘Karma’ and rejected the idea of destiny. He ridiculed the dominant position of a Brahmin priestly class in the spiritual and social life of the Hindus.
- Arya Samaj was one of the pioneers of ....
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