Explanation of Articles 12-35

Article 12

According to Article 12 of the Constitution of India, the term ‘State’ can be used to denote the union and state governments, the Parliament and state legislatures and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Indian government.

Ambit of ‘State’ Expanded

  • Over a period of time, the Supreme Court has expanded the ambit of ‘State’ to include Corporations such as LIC and ONGC since they perform tasks “very close to governmental or sovereign functions”.
  • In fact, the term ‘State’ also accommodates any authority that’s created by the Constitution ....
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