Developments of S&T in Ancient India

Physics

  1. Panchbhutas i.e. five elements of universe were conceptualised in Ayurveda and Yoga. These elements are – Prithvi/Bhudevi (Earth), Apas/Varuna/Jal (Water), Agni (Fire), Vayu (Air), and Akasha/Dyaus/Aether (Space).
  2. Vaisheshika School of Philosophy elaborated on the atomic theory as ‘The smallest, indivisible, indestructible part of the world is an atom (anu). All physical things are a combination of the atoms of earth, water, fire, and air.’
  3. Brahamagupta anticipated Newton’s theory of gravitation by declaring that –‘All things fall on the Earth by law of nature’ and it is the nature of the Earth that attract the things.

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