​Mining

The use of minerals since ancient times was mainly for making tools, utensils and weapon. However, with beginning of Industrial Revolution, the importance and demand for minerals increased continuously.

Methods of Mining

Open-Cast Mining

• Also known surface mining and is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining as are occur close to the surface.
• It simply requires the removal of the overburden i.e., rock bands lying above mineral bearing strata.

Underground Mining

• When the ore lies deep below the surface, underground mining method or shaft method is applied.
• Often vertical shaft have to be sunk underground to reach ....