New Nano Material Coating Boosts Fertilizer Efficiency

On 11th November 2024, Department of Science & Technology (DST) informed that scientists from Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, have developed a biodegradable nanocoating that can enhance the efficiency of chemical fertilizers, reducing the need for excessive application, while improving crop yields.

Context

Background on Fertilizer Efficiency Challenges: For over 50 years, chemical fertilizers have been applied frequently as part of the Green Revolution to sustain crop productivity.
However, excessive use poses environmental risks, prompting researchers to seek more efficient fertilization methods.

Key Points

Innovation by INST Scientists: Researchers created a stable coating using nanoclay-reinforced carbohydrates, specifically chitosan and lignin, to coat muriate of potash (KCl), which fulfils 80% of potassium needs for crops.
Enhanced Coating Application Method: Using a drum rotor system, scientists achieved a uniform coating of the fertilizer with low-cost, natural materials like nano-clay, chitosan, and starch.
This method is both cost-effective and improves the mechanical stability of fertilizers during transport and application.
Improved Nutrient Release Kinetics: The hydrophobic nanocoating material is designed to control the release rate of fertilizers, aligning with crop nutrient demands.
Broader Applications and Socio-economic Impact: The natural polymers in the 3D nanostructure offer applications beyond fertilizers due to their biocompatibility.
The slow-release mechanism increases nutrient use efficiency, reducing the required fertilizer dose for crops like rice and wheat, leading to higher yields and benefiting farmers and the economy.