Minerals
The term ‘Mineral’ means a class of substances occurring in nature, of definite chemical composition and usually, a characteristic crystal structure, but sometimes also includes rocks formed by these substances. A mineral is an element or chemical compound that has been formed as a result of geological processes. Mineral resources are found on or in the earth in reasonable amounts and are mined for their potential uses or their intrinsic values. Mineral resources are non-renewable and include metals (e.g. iron, copper, and aluminum), and non-metals -e.g. salt, gypsum, clay, sand, phosphates).
- Minerals in general have been categorized into three classes: fuel, ....
Do You Want to Read More?
Subscribe Now
Take Annual Subscription and get the following Advantage
The annual members of the Civil Services Chronicle can read the monthly content of the magazine as well as the Chronicle magazine archives.
Readers can study all the material before the last six months of the Civil Services Chronicle monthly issue in the form of Chronicle magazine archives.
- 1 Data Led Governance and Policy Making
- 2 Optimizing the Use of Land Resources
- 3 Modernizing City Governance For Urban Transformation
- 4 Civil Services Reforms
- 5 Legal, Judicial and Police Reforms
- 6 The North-East Regi
- 7 Balanced Regional Development: Transforming Aspirational Districts
- 8 Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Other Tribal Groups and Minorities
- 9 Senior Citizens, Persons with Disability and Transgender Persons
- 10 Gender
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Universal Health Coverage
- 13 Human Resources for Health
- 14 Comprehensive Primary Health Care
- 15 Public Health Management and Action
- 16 Skill Development
- 17 Teacher Education and Training
- 18 Higher Education
- 19 School Education
- 20 Sustainable Environment
- 21 Water Resources
- 22 Swachh Bharat Mission
- 23 Smart Cities for Urban Transformation
- 24 Digital Connectivity
- 25 Logistics
- 26 Ports, Shipping and Inland Waterways
- 27 Civil Aviation
- 28 Railways
- 29 Surface Transport
- 30 Energy
- 31 Minerals
- 32 Travel, Tourism and Hospitality
- 33 Housing For All
- 34 Financial Inclusion
- 35 Doubling Farmers’ Income (III): Value Chain & Rural Infrastructure
- 36 Doubling Farmers’ Income (II): Policy & Governance
- 37 Doubling Farmers’ Income (I): Modernizing Agriculture
- 38 Industry
- 39 Technology and Innovation
- 40 Employment and Labour Reforms
- 41 Growth
- 42 Water
- 43 Forest
- 44 Land
- 45 Climate Change Rulebook
- 46 G-20 Summit 2018
