A series of crowd disaster incidents have led to deaths of more than 400 people recently. On October 01, 2022, a human crush occurred in a football stadium in East Java, Indonesia that killed 135 people.
Causes
Structuralcollapse of makeshift bridges, railings, temporary structures, railings of the bridges.
Difficult terrain (famous religious sites built on top of hills that are difficult to access).
Narrow streets with very few entry/exits, absence of emergency exits, etc.
Fire/Electricity: Fire at illegal and unauthorised structure, non-availability of fire extinguishers in working condition.
Crowd Behaviour: Wild rush to force the way towards entrance/exits, crowd forcing to entrance/exits ....
