In August 2017, the Supreme Court in Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd) Vs. Union of India upheld the constitutionally protected fundamental right to privacy under Article 21.
It held that privacy is a natural right that inheres in all natural persons, and that the right may be restricted only by state action that passes each of the three tests:
First, such state action must have a legislative mandate;
Second, it must be pursuing a legitimate state purpose; and
Third, it must be proportionate i.e., such state action — both in its nature and extent, must be necessary in ....
