31st Formal Meeting of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

The 31st formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was held in Brussels, Belgium, on 14 June 2021.

Major Outcomes of the 2021 Summit

A. NATO Countries’ Communique on China and Russia

• Members issued a communiqué highlighting the “threat” presented by Russia and the “challenges” posed by China.
• “Russia’s aggressive actions constitute a threat to Euro-Atlantic security,"
• “China’s growing influence and international policies can present challenges that we need to address together as an Alliance”.

B. Cyber Attacks and Space Attacks qualify for Collective Defense

• NATO leaders have officially ....