In August 2017, the Supreme Court in Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd) Vs. Union of India unanimously held that Indians have a constitutionally protected fundamental right to privacy that is an intrinsic part of life and liberty under Article 21.
It held that privacy is a natural right that inheres in all natural persons, and that the right may be restricted only by state action that passes each of the three tests:
First, such state action must have a legislative mandate;
Second, it must be pursuing a legitimate state purpose; and
Third, it must be proportionate i.e., such state action — both in its ....
