Initiatives Related to Non-state Actors and Pakistan Border

Fencing: In the 1990s, India began to fence the massive border, of which 550 kms in J&K were completed in 2004. By 2011, almost all of the border fencing – along J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat – was completed. Overall, the sanctioned fencing was 2,043.63 km of which the government has completed 1,958 km.

• Smart Fence Mechanism: Under this mechanism, laser walls and heat sensor system will be installed on the boundary.
• ‘Area Domination’ Strategy: Under this strategy, a string of 609 BOPs have been established along the international boundary from where BSF personnel are sent out for patrolling, surveillance and gathering ....