1992: The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: Empowered municipalities-functionally, financially and politically.
2002: Urban Reform Incentive Fund (URIF): Eliminated systemic weaknesses so as to strengthen municipal finance and functioning.
2005: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): Eliminated structural and systemic weakness to create investment climate; improved local governance and finance.
2007: National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP): Affordable housing for all with emphasis on vulnerable sections of society
2011: Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY): Working towards slum-free cities via property titling and tenure security.
2013: National Urban Livelihood Mission: Reduced poverty and vulnerability of urban poor households by providing them with access to employment opportunities.
