​Marine Ecosystems Challenges and Opportunities - By Chronicle Editorial Team

Marine Ecosystems are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt in contrast to freshwater ecosystem. Marine ecosystems are found near the shores and not on land. Marine ecosystems are defined by their unique biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes while important abiotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature.

Generally, marine ecosystems have been classified into three layers as per the amount of light they receive. The topmost part of a marine ecosystem is the ....