WHO Declares Monkeypox a Global Health Emergency Again

On 14th August, 2024, the World Health Organization upgraded monkeypox to a public health emergency of international concern, citing a troubling increase in cases and the emergence of new strains.

Key Points

Case and Death Statistics: Since 2022, there have been 99,176 cases and 208 deaths across 116 countries. The spread of a new sexually transmissible strain is particularly concerning.
What is Monkeypox? Monkeypox is a viral infection caused by an orthopoxvirus. It leads to fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that turns into painful blisters. While usually self-limiting, it can be fatal, especially for children and those with weakened immune systems.
Reason for Concern: The new clade (lb) of monkeypox, transmitted mainly through sexual contact, and the high-risk clade (Ia) affecting children through various transmission modes, are of particular concern.
Risk Assessment for India: Although no current cases have been reported in India, vigilance is necessary due to international travel. Since 2022, India has reported 27 confirmed cases and one death. Initial cases were seen in Kerala and Delhi, with varied travel histories.
Transmission: Monkeypox spreads through close contact with infected individuals, including sexual contact. People remain infectious until all lesions have crusted over and new skin has formed.
Symptoms: Early symptoms include fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes, with a rash developing within two days. The rash appears primarily on the face but can also affect the palms, soles, oral mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and genital area.