Mountain Vegetation of India

Tropical Montane Forests (Subtropical Pine Forests)

  • Altitude: 1,000 to 2,000 meters
  • Characteristics: These forests are found in the lower mountain regions. They are characterized by evergreen and deciduous trees, including species like sal, oak, pine, and rhododendron. The undergrowth is rich with ferns, shrubs, and herbs.
  • Biodiversity Hotspots: These forests often serve as biodiversity hotspots due to their transitional nature, harbouring a mix of species from lower altitudes and higher elevations.
  • Human Impact: These forests are susceptible to human activities such as logging, conversion to agricultural land, and infrastructure development due to their proximity to populated areas.
  • Wildlife: Tropical montane forests are home ....
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