Case Study

India’s biggest cities may be losing up to $22 billion annually to traffic congestion, and its commuters are bearing the burden. On average, travelers in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Kolkata spend 1.5 hours more on their daily commutes than their counterparts in other Asian cities during peak traffic times, according to a recent study. In fact, peak-hour congestion, in these four Indian cities is estimated at 149%, much higher than the Asian average of 67%. Traffic congestion is partly attributable to India’s large population and high population density, as well as an under-developed public transportation network, especially rail-based transport.

Q. Suppose, ....