Current Affairs Question - 16 September 2019

Explanation :

• Pangong Lake is located in the Changthang region of eastern Ladakh.The lake stretches for nearly 135 kilometers and 5 kilometers wide.
• Approximately 60% of the length of the lake lies within the Tibetan Autonomous Region.
• It is an example of an endorheic lake in the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,350 m.
• The eastern part of the lake is fresh, with the content of total dissolved solids at 68 g/L, while the western part of the lake is saline, with the salinity at 11.02 g/L.

Explanation :

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is aneight-member multilateral organization, established on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
• These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of the Shanghai Five group, formed on 26 April 1996 with the signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions.
• SCO has two Permanent Bodies — (i) SCO Secretariat in Beijing and (ii) Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent. The Chairmanship of SCO is by rotation for a year by Member States. Presently Kyrgyzstan is the Chair of SCO for 2018-19.
• At the July 2005 Astana Summit, India, Iran and Pakistan were granted Observer status.
• In July 2015 in Ufa, Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in June 2016 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members. On 9 June 2017, at the historic summit in Astana, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full-fledged members.

Explanation :

• Collegium is a system under which judges are appointed by an institution comprising judges. The Collegium of judges is the Supreme Court’s invention. It does not find its mention in the Constitution.
• The First Judges Case (1981) ruled that the “consultation” with the CJI in the matter of appointments must be full and effective. However, it rejected the idea that the CJI’s opinion should have primacy.
• The Second Judges Case (1993)introduced the Collegium system, holding that “consultation” really meant “concurrence”. It added that it was not the CJI’s individual opinion, but an institutional opinion formed in consultation with the two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. 
• The Third Judges Case (1998)expanded the Collegium to a five-member body, comprising the CJI and four of his senior-most colleagues.

Explanation :

• INTERPOL is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 194 member countries.
• It is headquartered in Lyon, France.
• INTERPOL Notices are international requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in member countries to share critical crime-related information.
• Notices are published by the General Secretariat at the request of a National Central Bureau and are made available to all our member countries.
• In its RCN issued against a fugitive, the Interpol asks its 194 member countries to arrest or detain the person if spotted in their countries after which extradition or deportation proceedings can begin.